5. Gestures & Personal Space

In speaking with Greg, he has told me that in India people seem to be more friendly. He says it is not uncommon for men to walk holding hands or embrace. Whereas in America it is often looked at as uncommon and homosexual.

I found that when he talked about his background he wanted to stand closer in a conversation and when I moved to a comfortable distance he "danced" along with me. This leads me to believe that space is more close than here. I have found conversational distances to be up to 6ft, intimate to be touching to a foot away. As the groups get larger the space gets exponentially larger.

Greg mentioned common gestures for food or hunger and begging or pleading. In America we have gestures such as the "Awkward turtle", "the finger", people who talk with their hands, and numerous others.

4. Simple Sentences

Syntax
English is ordered Subject, Verb, Object
Punjabi is ordered Subject, Object, Verb
Morphology
Punjabi is primarily an inflectional language while English is predominately word-formation based.
Translations
English to Proper Punjabi

He eats an apple	Oh ik seb khanda hai
He is eating an apple	Oh ik seb kha reha hai
He ate an apple	Usne ik seb khadha

Questions

What did you do?	Tussi ki kitta?
What should I do?	Tuhanu ki karna chaida hai?
What can I do?	Main ki kar sakda haan?

Comparisons

Is it a book?	Ki eh kitaab hai?
It is a book	Eh kittab hai.
Is it the answer?	Ki eh jawaab hai?
It is the answer.	Eh jawaab hai.

Possible Mistakes
There is the possibility of accidentally messing up the word order.
The other mistake when translating to Punjabi is the misapplication of gender and extension for nouns, not inclining or declining for adjectives.